Backyard Composting

The composting process requires organic material, moisture, air and soil organisms. The organic waste should be layered, using “green” materials (high in nitrogen) with “brown” materials (high in carbon). Thin layers of soil can be added, if needed to increase soil organisms. Keep pile moiast but not wet). Turn pile frequently to provide adequate air supply.

To get started, make a layer of leaves or other brown vegetation. Add a layer of green plant material. Add kitchen wastes as they accumulate and dig them into the pile or cover with a thin layer of soil.

Continue adding material, alternating layers of brown material, green yard waste and kitchen waste. Brown yard waste is generally high in carbon. Kitchen scraps and fresh yard waste are high in nitrogen.

Fine materials such as grass clippings should be added in thin layers so they do not compact. Do not place diseased plants, weeds that have already gone to seed, meat or dairy products in the compost.

Keep the material as moist as a wrung-out sponge. Covering the pile with a plastic sheet may help retain moisture. Water the pile if it becomes too dry.

Turn the pile every few weeks or whenever it becomes compact, too wet or develops an odour. A garden fork, commercial aerator, rake or pitchfork can be used to keep the pile properly turned and aerated. Mix the material from the edges of the pile into the middle for even decomposition.

Compost bins — while not essential — do keep the pile neat, efficient and manageable. These are on sale in garden supply stores or can be made at home. The size and type of bin will depend on the volume of material available. Ideally, a compost bin should be a minimum of one cubic metre. A door or opening on one side will make turning easier.